The Brutality of Japanese Imperialism to Korea Research Paper

The Brutality of Japanese Imperialism to Korea - Research Paper Example The utilization of Forced work and draft from Korea 2. The enslavement of Women 3. Experimentation on the human body. The frontier time of Japanese relations with Korea is spooky with recollections of the persecuted just as accounts that depict the ruthless requirement of their strategies. The Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the accompanying, Through the pilgrim decide that was without wanting to... the individuals of Korea were denied of their country and culture and their ethnic pride was profoundly harmed, (Australian, 2010). The propagation of social annihilation against the country was an endeavor to acclimatize the Koreans into the Japanese lifestyle. This provoked Japan to guarantee the arrival of social relics that were reallocated during the magnificent occupation. This can be portrayed as an endeavor by the Japanese to produce nearer associations with the people of the Korean promontory (Australian, 2010). Mr Kan communicated his sentiments of profound regret and sincere stat ement of regret for the gigantic harm and enduring brought by the pioneer rule(Australian, 2010). ... The enlistment methods consistently included explicit intimidation strategies where people were constrained in the process of childbirth without wanting to. Constantly of 1942 the Japanese decision class passed what is known as the National Mobilization Law which sketched out the strategy for constrained induction of Korean laborers in production lines and mines. This strategy additionally incorporated the automatic movement of Koreans which added to the social massacre that was submitted against the people groups (Fukuoka, 1996). There were an aggregate of 5.5 million Koreans who were constrained into this projects where about 1 million of them were migrated to the primary island of Japan. The laborers had to work under conditions that were perilous and risky. Because of the states of the work offices there were reports of around 60,000 laborers who were slaughtered under those conditions. The all out evaluated passings between the time of 1939 and the finish of the occupation was a lmost 1 million. After the contention was finished, the finish of the war brought about the production of inside uprooted people who were not permitted repatriation to either terrain Japan or the Korean landmass. These people originated from the region of Russia that was constrained by the Japanese domain yet returned, called Sakhalin. This made what is known as Sakhalin Koreans whose presence is a demonstration of the severe crusade of the Chinese. In 1985, the Japanese government offered travel rights and subsidizing for the repatriation of the first gathering of Sakhalin Koreans, however approximately 1500 were returned of the timespan of 2 decades. The rest declined the offer and decided to remain in Sakhalin(Lee, 1999). The National Mobilization Law

Arpit Essay free essay sample

One of these mottos are Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the current controls the past. This, in general, implies that the past affects the future, for past occasions that happened guarantee the outlook of the individuals later on, and whether they need to rehash history. Additionally, the gathering controls the individuals in the present, and can in this manner control the past with the position to return and adjust history on paper to control what is being instructed to the majority. Occasions in the past impact occasions in he future.This is a perfect held to be genuine in the general public in 1 984, yet additionally in todays society. The past is recorded in history books, and is educated in schools. In the event that the past was perfect, at that point individuals will attempt to restore it. In any case, on the off chance that the past was terrible, at that point individuals will attempt to guarantee that such occasions wont happen once more. We will compose a custom paper test on Arpit Essay or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This associates to the strategy utilized by the gathering. They made a past of devastation and anguish through modifying history records, and guarantee to have freed the individuals of Oceania.As an outcome, everybody completely awaits by the Party, for they dont need to rehash the past. Hence, who controls the past controls what's to come. Re-arranged word 2 The Party itself controls the present, consequently it can control the past. Their principle objective is to stay in absolute order consistently, and control everybody both genuinely and intellectually. Genuinely, they use telescopes to screen their subjects each move, with the goal that they are under consistent observation and put under tension of the administration. For the psychological impact, they revamp and control the plan of chronicled assets. This permits them to have control over the manner by which its subjects consider the past. This is a bit of leeway, for the entirety of their assets mirror the belief system of the Party itself, and they can show themselves in a positive way with the goal that they can remain in power. Furthermore, everybody is precluded from keeping diaries and different tokens from their pasts. Therefore, the residents of Oceania have a loose and temporary memory, which permits the Party to reveal to them anything, realizing that they will live it.Thus, the Party controls the past with controlling the present. In 1984 by George Orwell, Party trademarks are noteworthy approaches to hold their primary standards. The trademark, Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the current controls the past is important for its actual significance. It implies that past occasions are powerful on the future, and decides the repeat of history. Additionally, it implies that the legislature that controls the present can control the past, through changing authentic records.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 7th, 2019

Book Riot’s Deals of the Day for August 7th, 2019 Sponsored by  Ruby Lang’s Playing House. Available now wherever eBooks are sold. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals Dear Universe: 200 Mini-Meditations for Instant Manifestations  by Sarah Prout for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Fewer, Better Things: The Hidden Wisdom of Objects  by Glenn Adamson for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Stripped (Happy Endings Book 1) by Zoey Castile for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals The Murmur of Bees by Sofia Segovia for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Rules of Civility  by Amor Towles for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): The Readers of Broken Wheel Recommend by Katarina Bivald for $2.99. A Peoples History of the United States by Howard Zinn for $2.99. The Hangmans Daughter by  Oliver Pötzsch for $1.99. The Shadow of the Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafón and translated by Lucia Graves for $1.99. The Wedding Date by Jasmine Guillory for $1.99. The Murders of Molly Southbourne by Tade Thompson for $3.99. Mind Platter by Najwa Zebian for $1.99. An Untamed State by Roxane Gay for $2.99 The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal for $2.99 Girl, Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen for $2.99 Drop the Ball: Achieving More by Doing Less by Tiffany Dufu for $2.99 The Hunger by Alma Katsu for $1.99 Black Boy by Richard Wright for $1.99 Temper by Nicky Drayden for $1.99 Girls of Paper and Fire by Natasha Ngan for $2.99 Feel Free by Zadie Smith for $3.99 The Cutting Season by Attica Locke for $1.99. New Suns: Original Speculative Fiction by People of Color Edited By Nisi Shawl for $0.99. Mapping the Interior by Stephen Graham Jones for $3.99 The Casquette Girls by Alys Arden for $0.99 The Bees by Laline Paull for $1.99 The Unexpected Inheritance of Inspector Chopra  by Vaseem Khan for $2.99 Grace and Fury  by Tracy Banghart for $2.99 Shuri (2018 #1)  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 The Only Harmless Great Thing by Brooke Bolander for $1.99 Sing, Unburied, Sing by Jesmyn Ward for $2.99 Rosewater by Tade Thompson for $2.99 Family Trust  by Kathy Wang for $1.99 The Black Gods Drums by P. Djèlí Clark for $1.99 Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach by Kelly Robson for $1.99 My Soul to Keep by Tananarive Due for $0.99 All Systems Red: The Murderbot Diaries by Martha Wells for $3.99 Jade City by Fonda Lee for $2.99 Here to Stay by Sara Farizan  for $1.99 A Big Ship at the Edge of the Universe by Alex White  for $2.99 Silver in the Wood by Emily Tesh for $3.99 A Curious Beginning  by Deanna Raybourn  for $2.99 Storm Front  by Jim Butcher (Book One of the Dresden Files)  for $2.99 Guapa  by Saleem Haddad for $1.99 Hogwarts: an Incomplete and Unreliable Guide  by J.K. Rowling  for $2.99 Short Stories from Hogwarts  by J.K. Rowling  for $2.99 The Paper Magician by Charlie N. Holmberg for $1.99 The Girl with the Red Balloon by Katherine Locke  for $1.99 The Invisible Library by Genevieve Cogman for $0.99 Half-Resurrection Blues by Daniel José Older for $2.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman for $0.99. The Haunting of Tram Car 015 by P. Djèlí Clark for $3.99 A Quiet Life in the Country by T E Kinsey for $3.99 Empire of Sand by Tasha Suri for $4.99 Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng for $4.99 Binti  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 Binti: Home  by Nnedi Okorafor for $2.99 Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor for $3.99 Instant Pot ®  Obsession: The Ultimate Electric Pressure Cooker Cookbook for Cooking Everything Fast by Janet A. Zimmerman for $2.99 Tell the Truth Shame the Devil by Lezley McSpadden with Lyah Beth LeFlore for $0.99 Magic Bites by Ilona Andrews for $2.99 Once Ghosted, Twice Shy by Alyssa Cole for  $1.99 Whatever Happened to Interracial Love? by Kathleen Collins for $3.99 In Search of Lost Time: Volumes 1-7  by Marcel Proust  for $0.99 Prime Meridian  by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $3.99 The Mirror Empire by Kameron Hurley for $2.99 I Met a Traveller in an Antique Land  by Connie Willis for $0.99 Soy Sauce for Beginners by Kirstin Chen for $3.99 Silver Phoenix by Cindy Pon for $2.99 A Curious Beginning by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 George by Alex Gino for $3.99 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 A Rogue By Any Other Name by Sarah MacLean for $1.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Book Review

Brave New World is one of the novels written by Aldous Huxley and talks much about genetics and soma as a significant scientific issue. The discussion of the novel looks forward to progress in technology advancement that has contributed greatly towards changing today’s society. According to the author of the novel, he believes that the book serves like a satire from the place where he lived. Besides, it serves like a caution and a warning for the upcoming generation once the government is given the control and mandate over the new emerging technologies. Through the use of new technology humans have had changes in the way they lead their lives (Aldous 58). For instance, due to the comfort brought through technology, the society is seen to fully have started relying on the technology, a factor which has made humans lazy. According to the author of the novel, various forms of technologies have contributed towards changing the society. The issue of scientific work and research has been greatly discussed in the book. This has become a big debate especially with cloning. Soma-clonal issues have also been greatly discussed. This factsheet discusses widely on the use of Soma and the legalization of drugs in the book ‘Brave New World’ as one technology mentioned above which are contributing to the society change. Generally, Soma is used in various methods of medication (Aldous 123). Furthermore, it’s also a symbol of science and technology which has powerful influence in the society. For example, it acts like relaxer to muscles through prevention of pain in brain and nerves and farther used in therapies in the treatment of wounds and musculoskeletal situations which are painful. In real senses, relation and application of Soma, the drug serves to be symbolic of the use of immediate fulfillment to manage world’s inhabitants. In the real world social issues, there are various ways through which use of soma drugs relate to the entire society. From the study of the novel, it’s true that Brave New World is comprised of different persons who always keep away from the reality about the entire situations (Aldous 129). Â  For instance, the about worldwide use of soma drug may be the persistent case of stubborn self fantasy. Soma vapors the truth of the current and substitutes them with happy allusions, and therefore the reason it’s used as a tool for encouraging communal constancy. As discussed in the book, the use of soma drugs in the novel as emerging technology relates to social issues in the society which happens to have both negative and positive impacts. Such examples of social issues being faced nowadays which relate to the novel include; the increased rates of crimes, use of drugs without the required prescription, child abuse and increased rates of sexual harassments between the women (Aldous 135). Â  These social issues affecting the society nowadays are the same discussed in the novel hence they are seen to be due to the increased use of soma drugs and other related drugs which are used following the advancement in the emerging technology. Increased misuse of drugs have played great role in the changing of society norms of everyday activities (Aldous 143). Â  This has led to various negative impacts towards the society settings. For instance, in the cases of women, majority get sexually transmitted diseases in the cases where they are raped. Most of these scenes occur following misuse of drugs. Whereby, the drug users are out of their control and senses since at that time, the drugs dominate and take control of their senses. On the other hand, drugs have contributed greatly towards increased crime rates. This is the case where those who use drugs tend to go to the extreme of robbery in the event when they are broke. Furthermore, children have been abused through the new technology and the use of drugs. Many are introduced to drugs even before they know the purpose of the drugs. Here many students end up dropping from schools hence lowering the academic dignity of their state or country which later affects the economy of such states (Aldous 153). The emergence of the new technology has been of significance to some extent, but on other side the society which is taking the advantage fails to manage and use it at the right time. This has led to majority of people becoming lazy and unable to function normally without such drugs. In return, this lowers society development. Although many consumers of medicine do it for the reason to endure the confront and obstacles of life, many don’t understand the sid e effects associated with such drugs. In conclusion, the novel is scrutiny of the technical autocracy which is basically related to the society. With connection to this, the writter of the novel applies his little familiarity relation of humans in comparing the currrent day world with his visionary dream. Hence he examines intimaidatio to civilization, for instance the persuasion of chemicals through the new technology. In this case he clarifies the reasons as to why avoiding them is impossible in one way or the other. Works Cited Aldous, Huxley. Brave new world. Toronto: Random House of Canada, 1998.

Comparison of Research Design - 2594 Words

Descriptions of Basic Research Designs Research Design Families Creswell Text Reference Description Experimental Designs Pages 20-22 and Chapter 10. An experimental research design uses quantitative procedures to determine whether an activity or materials (an intervention) make a difference for participants. Two groups are formed: a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group receives the intervention and the control group does not. The performance of each group is assessed by measuring key variables and the measurements are compared statistically to see if the intervention made a difference. Correlational Designs Pages 20-22 and Chapter 11. An experimental research design uses quantitative procedures to†¦show more content†¦Within-Group or Individual Designs a. Time Series i. interrupted time series ii. equivalent time series b. Repeated Measures c. Single-Subject Designs i. A/B design ii. Multiple baseline design iii. Alternating treatments Correlational Designs Chapter 11, beginning on page 339. 1. Explanatory Design a. correlate two or more variables b. collect data at one point in time c. analyzes all participants as a single group d. two scores for each individual group-one for each variable e. correlation statistical test (or an extension of it) in the data analysis f. interpretations or conclusions 2. Prediction Design a. Predictor variable i. â€Å"prediction† in the title ii. measure the predictor variable(s) at one point in time iii. forecast future performance b. Criterion variable i. measure the criterion variable at a later point in time Survey Designs Chapter 12, beginning on page 377. 1. Cross-Sectional Survey Designs a. group comparisons b. national assessment 2. Longitudinal Survey Designs a. trend studies b. cohort studies c. panel studies Grounded Theory Designs Chapter 13, beginning on page 424. 1. The Systematic Design a. Open coding b. Axial coding c. Selective coding 2. Emergent Design a. fit b. work c. relevance d. modifiability 3. Constructivist a. views b.Show MoreRelatedComparison of Research Designs Essay3986 Words   |  16 PagesComparison of Research Designs Capella University Comparison of Research Designs Template The following seven tables are part of a template that will guide you through the comparison of research designs assignment. The tables include: †¢ Descriptions of basic research designs. †¢ Types of basic research designs. †¢ Main characteristics. †¢ Followed steps. †¢ Appropriate usage. †¢ Purpose statement and sample questions. Read MoreA Comparison of Multiple Research Designs2039 Words   |  9 PagesReversal design involves repeated measures of behavior in a given setting requiring at least three consecutive phases: initial baseline, intervention, and return to baseline (Cooper, 2007). As with any intervention, baseline data is a typical primary condition for beginning the process. With reversal design data is collected, until steady state responding is achieved and then intervention is begun. The condition is applied in the form of treatment and then reversal of the treatment is performedRead MoreQuantitative Research Design Critique Template899 Words   |  4 Pages NU310_Unit 5 Quantitative Research Design Critique Template â€Å"Quantitative studies usually focus on concepts that are fairly well developed, about which there is an existing body of evidence, and for which there are reliable methods of measurement† (Polit and Beck, 2012). I chose the Quantitative method of data collection for my research, because I want to determine the effective of regular instruction, face-to-face training, and follow-up on inhalation techniques in increasing treatment adherenceRead MoreQuasi-Experimental Designs Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesQuasi-Experimental Designs Milagros V. Mercado Walden University PSYC-3003-12 Methods in Psychological Inquiry Instructor: Meredith McKee 09/28/2011 Quasi-Experimental Designs According to (Stangor, 2011. pp. 274), quasi-experimental design is employed when there are two groups of people that cannot be assigned randomly to other groups. Also, in this type of design the variables cannot be manipulated as they would be in other types of experiments and the variables are measured ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of The NSCA OST Program798 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipating in the program on a scale of 1 to 5 (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). The research design and collected data show some internal validity limitations such as: †¢ Limited data sample size †¢ Construct validity: Data collection design partially captures what it intended to do †¢ Data was missing or were not collected †¢ No data on parents were captured †¢ No control group was created; therefore, no comparisons can be made between the OST program students and non-OST students outcomes. As a resultRead MoreApplied Research Essay example1494 Words   |  6 PagesApplied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in psychological settings and methods differ in many ways yet have similar qualities. All psychological research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains similarities and differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies varies according to the need addressed in creating the project. Beneficial interventions and treatments are developedRead MoreProject Delivery System For The State Of Texas1103 Words   |  5 Pagessimilar projects or the owners can obtain data from research conducted by scholars/organizations. 5.1 Comparison of PDS based on project data from private industry A comparison of 2009 ENR Best Projects in Texas to determine the impact of Project delivery systems that are commonly used in the state of Texas. The project delivery system under this study are Design-bid-build, Competitive Sealed Proposal, Construction Manager at Risk, Design-build, Design-build-Bridging, and Job Order Contracting. HoweverRead MoreThe Language Arts Program1379 Words   |  6 PagesVariable(s)? The dependent variable of this study is the scores from Western Australian Verbal Fluency Test (WAVFT). Describe the possible confound(s) in this experimental design. There are two major possible confounds in this experimental design. Firstly, the social environments could be changed; the comparison from this experimental design is to compare the WAVFT scores between 1980 and previous year. During this period, the difference in the mean score could be resulted by the development of the technologyRead MoreEssay on Experimental Methods Used in Applied Research1702 Words   |  7 Pages317).† In this paper I will discuss some of these experimental methods used in applied research. First, I will discuss the similarities and differences between descriptive and inferential statistics, and when they should be used. In addition, I will explain the similarities and differences between single-case and small N-research designs. Furthermore, I will explain when single-case and small-N-research designs are used. Moreover; I will examine true experiments and examine how they control threatsRead MoreArticle Critique Assignment On Child Welfare Services8 36 Words   |  4 Pages Article Critique Assignment 1. Describe the type of research used in this study. Include whether it is qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods. Is it exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory? Be sure to justify your answers. This study was comprised of mixed methods in that there were observations, interviews utilized to gather data, but there was also a clearly stated hypothesis in which the researcher was seeking to answer. This study was explanatory as it sought to further support the

History of Motion Free Essays

Prior to Copernicus’ heliocentric model, the Ptolemaic system was, with the assistance of the Roman Catholic Church, the prevailing astronomical model of the universe in Europe leading up to the 16th Century. A geocentric model, it stated that Earth was the stationary centre of the universe, and used a system of epicycles and deferents (when a planet revolved in a small circle, and this small circle revolved in a bigger circle) were used to describe anomalies such as the retrograde motion of planets. Equants (a point which the centre of a planet’s epicycle moved at a uniform velocity) were used to approximate where planets would be at a certain time. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Motion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though the Ptolemaic model had various defects, as astronomers assumed that all the planets revolved at a uniform rate, planets revolved in perfect circles, and didn’t explain the retrograde motion of planets that it was formulated to do; it was still widely accepted by Western society for the next 1400 years. Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated the heliocentric model of the universe. Copernicus formulated a heliocentric model whilst studying in Lidzbark-Warminski in around 1508, now modern day Poland, after he was dissatisfied with the geocentric models of Ptolemy and Aristotle. Using astronomical observations and mathematical, Copernicus refined his ideas and published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium. This book outlines Copernicus’ 5 key ideas on motion, such as: 1. Planets do not revolve around one fixed point. 2. The Earth is the centre of the Moon’s orbit. 3. The sun is the centre of the universe, and all celestial bodies revolve around it. 4. Stars are stationary, and only appear to move because the Earth is itself moving. 5. Earth moves in a sphere around the sun, causing sun’s year movement. Copernicus’ De revolutionibus orbium coelestium was banned by the Roman Catholic Church, but when the ban was lifted in the 17th Century, the scientific community immediately expanded and refined his work. This suggests that the Roman Ca tholic Church held an enormous amount of power and dictated everyday life, and as a result, people became hungry for knowledge they could not acquire as a result of the Church’s censorship of new and modern ideas. Galileo Galilei. Prior to Galileo’s study of falling objects, Aristotle stated that heavy objects would fall faster than lighter ones in direct proportion to weight, and that objects do not retain their velocity and naturally slow down even when no force is acted upon the object. Galileo Galilei (15th February 1564 – 8th January 1642) was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. Studying free-fall, Galileo dropped 2 balls, both of the same material but different masses, from the top the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that the mass of the object was independent from its time of descent. The balls fell at the same time, contradicting Aristotle’s widely accepted teachings. Galileo, whose works on motion are linked to the discovery of inertia, and proposed that a falling body, regardless of weight or material, would fall with a uniform acceleration in a vacuum, and that the object would retain their velocity unless another force, such as friction, acts on the object. Galileo also derived the kinetic law for the distance covered during a uniform acceleration from start to finish: d ? t 2 (distance travelled is proportional to square of time period). Galileo was convicted of heresy as a result of his revolutionary scientific works and was put under house arrest for the rest of his life. Despite his imprisonment, he still expanded and published his works. The Church was a tyrannical figure in society, who imprisoned those who went against their scientifically flawed ideals, but their censorship of such scientific material such as the works Copernicus only inspired people like Galileo to expand their ideas and develop their own ideas. Sir Isaac Newton. The Church’s repression of Galileo prevented him from expanding his revolutionary ideas of inertia, and Aristotle’s scientifically incorrect theories were still the prevailing ideas of motion, including the belief that the speed of a falling body was dependent on the mass of the object, and that inertia was non-existent and that an object need to be constantly applied with force in order to keep moving. Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727) was an English physicist and mathematician who formulated the 3 Laws of Motion. . If the net force is zero, then the velocity of the object is constant. 2. The net force on an object is equal to its rate of change. 3. For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation states that every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the s quare of the distance between them. The greater the mass, the greater the attrition. This is shown in the formula: Newton was knighted by Queen Anne in April 1705. This suggests that the Church’s attitudes towards scientific progression had changed, and instead of supressing it as it did with Copernicus and Galileo, it was recognised as great achievement, and this scientific progression led to many discoveries that would contribute to the world we live in today. Albert Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity. Albert Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity, published in 1905, is a theory of measurement that only applies to uniform velocities. According to his theory, Einstein states that all motion is relative and every concept involving space and time are also relative, therefore there is no constant point of reference to measure motion. Example: a ball falling from the mast of a ship would appear to an observer standing on the ship’s deck as falling straight down. However, to a person standing in the distance, the ball would appear as if it followed a curved trajectory. If asked which trajectory the ball followed considering both people’s perspectives, Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity states that they are both right and wrong, as there must be a measurement of motion, but there cannot because there is no constant point of reference to measure motion. Albert Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, published in 1916, states that every object causes a distortion in space-time and the larger the object, the further space bends. This distortion in space-time is felt as gravity or inertia, therefore meaning that gravity is the product of mass bending space-time geometry. Example: a large body lay at the centre of a trampoline. A marble rolling around the edge of the trampoline would spiral inward toward the body. The body being a large object bends space-time geometry, resulting in gravity and pulling the marble towards itself. How to cite History of Motion, Papers

Leadership in the 21st Century

Executive Summary Many authors on leadership cite that conventional leaders and leaderships of the past are inadequate in addressing the needs of the 21st century. This is because, presently, the world is characterised by paradox, unpredictability and unprecedented events brought about by change.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership in the 21st Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, most modern leaders faces tremendous demands, than ever before. Similarly, conventional leadership styles that were once embraced have become a liability to modern leaders. Thus, the 21st century leaders need to unlearn conventional wisdom associated with conventional leadership and shift to a new paradigm of leading. This report highlights the definition of leadership. In achieving this goal, the writer, through literature review, gives different definitions of leadership and leadership styles. Further, the writer ill ustrates; market forces, people issues and leadership incompetency among others, as some of the challenges facing leadership in the 21st century. Similarly, the writer singles out transformational and charistic leadership as the contemporary leadership styles practices by leaders in the 21st century. Introduction The conflict of talent acquisition, societal changes, globalisation and the ever shifting size of organisations are contributing to the realignment of leadership styles in the 21st century. Consequently, the yearning for an ethical and sustainable organisation, ignited by business scandals, and the increasing realism that people should be steadfast in preserving global natural resources for future sustainability is also taking a toll on present leaders. Thus, leaders are required to perform on ethical and moral standards aimed at preserving a balance between the eco-system and the societal needs to guarantee business success. Therefore, unlike in the past, the measure of le adership success in the 21st century is increasingly being tied on aspects such as ethical and global responsibilities among others. Cegarra-Navarro and Moya (2005) points out that for leaders to be competitive in the 21st century, they need to wield influence, embrace a vision that inspires people and dispel their doubts, they need to possess abilities to enhance connections, and they need to redefine the way they address the tasks at hand. Hence, without influence, leaders are finding it difficult to assert power and control in their respective areas of command.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, leaders need to attain assent in addition to obedience, and embrace imitators and subordinates. Cegarra-Navarro and Moya (2005) illustrates that the 21st leader is not satisfied by getting people to do the right thing his way, he/she also need them to perceive things h is/her way too. Leadership Cegarra-Navarro Moya (2005) defines leadership as a course compelling social influence. This is where an individual can conscript the support of others in achieving or accomplishing a common task or activity. Though Cegarra-Navarro Moya definition is valid, presently, the term is viewed as an occasional act, rather than a role. The basic understanding of leadership has not lost its meaning, in fact many authors have come up with other definations of leadership based on their understanding Cegarra-Navarro Moya, 2005). Bartram and Casimir (2007) illustrate that leadership revolves around a person who is in charge of a team or a group. Besides being a leader, leadership involves possessing power over others and wielding authority necessary for decision making. In the 21st century, the meaning of leadership has remained unchanged (Bartram and Casimir (2007). Philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and management gurus have demonstrated many efforts in understa nding leadership. They claim that, in these changing times, leadership is a source of answers for the success of an individual and organisations. Bartram and Casimir claims that every individual has his/her own intuitive understanding of leadership, anchored on a mixture of learning and experience (2007, p.15), thus, it is difficult to capture a succinct definition of leadership. Consequently, the mode in which leadership is rendered and understood is influenced by an individual’s theoretical viewpoint. We have individuals who perceive leadership as the value of established set of traits or as a characteristics influenced by ‘leaders’ (Bartram and Casimir (2007). On the other hand, other individuals claim that leadership is a social process that spring from a group or a team relationship (BakerGerlowski, 2007). These differing views, held by different people, have resulted divergent of thoughts about leadership. Baker Gerlowski (2007) highlights four challenges that make unanimity on reaching a common definition of leadership. He points out that the process’ challenge, that is, lack of consensus on whether leadership emanate from personal qualities of the leader, or whether the leader persuades fellowship in what he/he does Finch (2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership in the 21st Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently Baker Gerlowski (2007) demonstrates that the ‘position’ problem helps to define a leader, that is, is the leader in charge of the situation through influence or authority? Moreover, the philosophical problem associated with leadership makes it challenging to reach a consensus on the definition of leadership. However, according to Magretta (2012) philosophy defines a leader in terms of causality, the intentional and the influence he/she has over the behavior of followers. Avolio and Gardner (2005) also cite that ‘purity’ is also a challenge contributing to lack of mutual consensus on the definition of leadership. Purity defines leadership as embodied in groups or in an individual making it a purely human phenomenon ( Jones, 2012). In addition to these divergent views, Magretta (2012) illustrates that some designations of leadership limit it to pure non-cohesive influence on shared objectives, thus, within such contexts, leaders such as Stalin and Hitler among others would be viewed as leaders, but as tyrants toiling for their own benefits and contingent on intimidation, violence and threats rather than embracing the refined practice of interpersonal influence connected to true leadership. However, Avolio and Gardner (2005) claims that basing leadership on such distinction is problematic because the actions of almost all leaders could be viewed as more or less beneficial to some individuals and groups. Northouse (2004) in a recent review of leadership theory cited that four major themes in the way in which leadership is perceived. He demonstrates that leadership is a process, entails influencing what happens in a group context, and encompasses goal achievement. Hence, he defines leadership as a â€Å"process where an individual influences a group of individuals to attain a common objective or a goal’ (Northouse, 2004, p. 3). Similarly, Yukl (2002) provides a more collective concept of leadership. He illustrates that â€Å"most leadership definitions mirrors the theory that involves a social influence course, whereby deliberate influence is exercised by an individual or a group over other individuals or groups to configure the activities and relationship in an organization or in a group† (Yukl, 2002, p. 3).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a nut shell, Yukl (2002) assert that leadership is a a unique phenomenon. It involves numerous but important social, organizational and personal processes. It largely depends on a process of influence where people are inspired to tailor their energies towards attaining group goals. Hooper and Potter (2000) offer a different perspective of understanding leadership. He illustrates that in understanding leadership, people should look at it from the viewpoint of a person’s disposition to accept accountability and responsibility for him/her and a group of other individuals in a given facet of life. He further demonstrates that leadership is character that is shown when an individual chooses to accept the duty by his/her own will and not when he/she is assigned with the equivalent by a superior power. Moreover, Hooper and Potter (2000) note that a leadership is sparked by motivation, inspiration and enthusiasm. Thus, a leader should be able to infuse these skills passionately to others. This will allow them to take command in their own respective contexts, give out their best in accomplishing the goal and inspire them to support each other towards a collective accomplishment (Magretta, 2012). Types of challenges facing leaders in the 21st century Kachra (2012) cite various leadership challenges facing leaders of the 21st century. Some of these challenges include; market forces, leadership competencies and people issues among others. Market Forces Market forces are driving change in many organisations at a macroeconomic level, thus; these forces are demanding more leadership acumen from leaders and the organization as a whole. For this purpose, market forces are viewed as a collective effect of the deeds and wants of those present in the market, either supplying or demanding a service or good. Some of these market forces shaping present leaders include; globalisation, increase of multinational firms, mergers and takeovers. Also, Kachra (2012) cites that the world has witnessed significant diversities in the workplace. This has been as a result of globalisation and a stronger necessity for explicit technical skills. Kachra (2012) notes that many large organizations have gained economies of scale as they allot overhead expenditures across production units. Thus, leadership has been put to test here. Managers needs effective skills on how to manage market forces. This includes having values and morals in understanding diversity, leading by example whereas commanding authority among others (Kachra, 2012). Also, Nevins and Stumpf (2012) points out that the advance of technology has significantly reduced the costs of reaching geographically scattered markets. Kachra (2012), however, notes that the market forces to embrace globalisation and increase the size do not guarantee the survival of the organization. Thus, sound leadership is a prerequisite. For example, Nevins and Stumpf (2012) cites that among the 500 firms in the Fortune magazine in 1970, about one third ceased to survive through the early 1980’s. Besides, Kachra (2012) also indicates that during the 1980’s among the 230 firms in the Fortune Magazine disappeared from the best Fortune 500 firms. Hence, Kachra (2012) acknowledges that neither the reputation nor the size of the firm guarantees its continued survival or success but effective leadership is a necessacity. Seddon and Onyett (2011) cite that compared to demand based market forces, the source of human capital is enduring ubiquitous and powerful change. The supply of human capital is diverse and individual employees need to command a high level of technical expertise in their area of specialization to be successful. At an outright minimum, firms are accommodating diversity, hence, the manner the company manages its diversity grants it a competitive advantage in formulating new ideas and matching the differences that arise to work demands. Concisely, organisations are struggling with incr easing deregulation. Some contend with the older older work force, hence; they find it challenging to embrace change and re-invent them (Hooper Potter, 2000). However, for most firms clear leadership that directs and encourage reinvention and embrace its strong history and foundations continues to be successful. People Issues People issues is also a major challenge affecting leadership in the 21st century. Manager’s perceives that people’s issues involves relationships with others and the organisation. Traditionally, these concerns were amicably handled by the Human resources, and were seen basic aspects of the organisation. However, Gayle et al (2011) indicate that in the 21st century, people issues and concerns forms a major aspect of the firm. Presently, Gayle et al (2011) notes that more workforces in the industrial world hold conventional full-time jobs and at the dawn of each year, more people are either getting to self-employment, part time or finding temporal jobs. Thus, this scenario illustrates a critical challenge in which the present and future manager will encounter. Besides, what is obscure to a manager is that the employee possess different expectations and demands on his/her organisation. More significant is that the employer-employee relationship looks more different than in the previous century. With increasing globalisation and complexity, most organisations are demanding for abilities and skills from their leaders to increase competitive advantage and facilitate decision making. Hence, managers leaders need to have the ability to balance the needs of employee globally and customers’ needs. However, this balance wiis becoming a challenge to strike efficiently and profitably in the years to come. Diversity is becoming a strategic differentiator rather than being a desired demographic profile. The managers of today are being brought up in productive diversity than in traditional taxonomies, where issues of ethnicity, race and other social dividers were simply undermined or ignored. However, as the workforce is growing in diversity, leaders need to accept individual differences in the workplace and devise creativity which will increase productivity and appreciate the talented work workforce established by diversity. Hooper and Potter (2000) note that organisations today are increasingly devising different methods of accomplishing tasks. They are placing more emphasis on the use of interdependent teams, as few people are knowledgeable. This is unlike in the past where an employee policy book or given forms of behavior was required. Though this strategy sound to elicit chaos in the organisation, it offers a great opportunity for a manager who is flexible, adept and intelligent to seize it and assist the organisation to move forward (Hooper and Potter, 2000). In the 21st century, talented human capital seen as the prime component for business success. Businesses are accepting the change of power from pr oprietors and senior management to knowledge workers. Moreover, specialists are becoming less worried with the conventional perception of career and more concerned in what is referred to self-fulfillment. In achieving aspects of self-fulfillment, organizations are advancing more revenues in attracting, forming and retaining competent professionals. Leadership incompetencies The advancing nature of business, practiced by global organisations has ignited a unique form of leadership competency. Presently, most organisations arrenot willing to be tied on the hard-nosed and top down structures or directions previously famous with the traditional leadership styles. They view that empathy and flexibility and retaining the best values of the business is the way forward in outwitting erratic impediments in the organisation’s leadership. Thus, Hybels (2009)demonstrate that this is the characteristics of the 21st leaders. Seddon and Onyett (2011) note that because of this leadership cha llenge, leaders who take up leadership roles need to be technologically savvy and inspirational. Though thesem skills make them devoted to service, details, to be entrepreneurial focus and be inclusive than being autocratic they make them better leaders. Also, Nevins and Stumpf (2012) cite that the leaders of the 21st century needs to handle the leadership challenge of being able to articulate value proposition, that is, maintaining value position in a vibrant market and revitalizing others to embrace it. They also need to invest in a business model that directs and guides employee decision making process at all levels of the organisation. Moreover, Seddon and Onyett (2011) states that leaders need to commit to a culture that stimulate learning and mentorship. Contemporary approaches to Leadership Transformational Leadership Nevins and Stumpf (2012) points out that transformational leadership is a new form of leadership which has become more common in the 21st century. Most organisa tions have embraced this form of leadership to encourage organisation growth and improve teamwork in the organisation. According to Seddon and Onyett (2011) transformational leadership supports capacity growth and development and fosters a higher level of commitment amongst followers anchored on the organisation’s objectives. Egner (2009) illustrates that transformational leadership happens when a leader widens and raises the group’s needs when they understand the objective or the mission of the group. According to Nevins and Stumpf (2012), a manager embracing this form of leadership motivates the group or employees to look beyond their personal self-interest for the purpose of the group. Transformational leaders raise individuals from their low positions of need to a higher level. Consequently, they support the group by motivating the followers to exceed their personal interests in view of attaining other collective purposes. The 21st century organisations are in need of such leaders because they engender trust, loyalty and respect among their followers. Egner (2009) points out that because transformational leaders are in constant touch with other people, he/she instills values and beliefs that are beneficial and can be imitated by the group as a whole. The critical aspect of transformation leadership is that leaders and followers helps in raising each other’s morality, attainments and motivations to a degree that wouldn’t have happened if each was working on his/her own. Williams and Sullivan (2011) points out four factors that makes up a transformational leader. He cites that a transformational leader has an idealized influence. This dimension is al about building trust and confidence and acting as a role model that his/her followers can emulate. Confidence that a leaders has establishes a foundation for embracing the organisation change. Also, a transformational leader posses inspirational motivation. Gayle et al (2011) note tha t this is related to idealized influence, hence; he/she uses this skill to motivate the entire organisation. They help in creating a clear view of the future and grant his/her followers the opportunity to perceive the meaning in their tasks or activities. Moreover, they stimulate intellectual acumen. This involves arousing and shifting the follower’s awareness of challenges and their ability to solve those challenges. Transformational leaders questions beliefs and norms and urge followers to be creative. They also empower followers to contribute towards decision making without fear. Lastly, Gayle et al (2011) note that transformational leaders value individualized consideration. This approach involves responding to a specific and unique need of the follower, which in turn is replicated in the organisation’s transformation process (Avolio and Gardner, 2005). Charismatic Leadership Charistmatic leadership entails a leader who amasses followers through a indent of charm a nd personality, rather than using any form of external authority and power. Thus, in the 21st century, more managers organisation are embracing this style of leadership to build relationship with emloyees. According to. Finch (2011) charismatic leadership comprises of three major factors. These factors are the social context which calls for such a leader, the leader and his/her attributes and the interaction between the leader and his followers. Nevins and Stumpf (2012) illustrates some of the traits that makes up a charistimatic leader. He cite that a charistmatic leader as a motive to attain power. In this case, they often do not embrace conventional power, ask for official position or post but what motivates them is the social power. Finch (2011) cites that this trait allows their followers to accord them respect and perceive them as their savior. Moreover, they want to win their positions using their followers hearts. Once they win power, they remains popular for a longer time. Also, Margarita (2012) note that charistimatic leaders are open to change. Whereas othey type of leaders try to uphold the status quo for fear of change, Gayle et al (2011) points out that charistimatic leaders are fully open to change. They represent the change and at a time, they like associating theselves with the change created, thus, it is interesting to note that they are more powerful in the contexts which necessistated the change. Key Findings In the 21st century, most organisations are devising strategies strategies which can assist it to expand and increase productivity. Thus, to achieve these goals, they demand for leaders who possess transformational leadership skills. These leaders are seen to hold strong vision, charisma and strong moral behavior, hence, they are able to motivate others in achieving a common goal. Despite the challenges facing the 21st century leaders such as market forces, people issues and leadership competency, managers are using their abilities to handle these challenges and ensuring that organisations remains steadfast in achieving its goals. However, more needs to be done to enhance their leadership skills (Avolio and Gardner, 2005). This will include training, mentoring and coaching among others. In the 21st century, most organisations are embracing leadership styles that add value to the organization. Thus, transformational and charistimatic forms of leadership styles are common. These styles are being seen to motivate the workforce besides granting them the opportunity to be part of the organisation’s decision making stakeholders. Nevins and Stumpf (2012) illustrates that these leadership styles grants freedom to employees or group, hence, less leader’s participation. The group can come up or develop their own goals and solve their own problems; hence, freedom without interference, which is a clear motivation for the group’s development (Hooper Potter, 2000). Conclusion Leadership has evolved over t he ages. Many people views that effective leadership instills motivation, inspires and help in effective decision making. However, leadership which is riddled with unacceptable practices can cause low productivity, build hostility and slow down organisation’s progress. Organisations are expanding and building new alliances, thus, in the 21st century, a leader is required to be a person who has the acumen for business and human relationship. The aspect of human aspect is critical because the 21st century require leaders who can motivate, inspire and influence people. Hence proficiency in understanding human aspects is critical. Similarly, The 21st leader need to understand the synergistic power of leadership and professionalism. References Avolio, B. Gardner, W. 2005, Authentic leadership development: getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 16, pp. 315 – 338. Baker, S. Gerlowski, D. 2007, Team effectiveness and leader-follower a greement: an empirical study. Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 15 – 23. Bartram, T. Casimir, G. 2007, The relationship between leadership and follower in-role performance and satisfaction with the leader. Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 4 – 19. Cegarra-Navarro, J. Moya, B. 2005, Business performance management and unlearning process.Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp.161 – 170. Egner, T. 2009, Behavioral Leadership – The Managerial Grid, Grin Verlag, Berlin. Finch, S. 2011, â€Å"LMMatters Leadership and Management seminar and showcase, London, UK, Strategic HR Review, Vol. 10 no, 6, pp. -76-89. Gayle C., Avery, H., and Bergsteiner, H. 2011 â€Å"How BMW successfully practices sustainable leadership principles†, Strategy Leadership, Vol. 39 no. 6, pp.11 – 18. Hooper, A. Potter, J. 2000, Intelligent Leadership: Creating a Passion for Change,. Random House, Lo ndon. Hybels, B. 2009, Courageous leadership, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Jones, R. 2012, â€Å"The leadership journey†, International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, Vol. 8 no. 2, pp.77 – 82. Kachra, A. 2012, â€Å"Strategic leadership development: the new frontier for Indian firms†, Strategic Direction, Vol. 28 no. 2, pp. 67-78. Magretta, J. 2012, â€Å"Michael Porter answers managers’ FAQs†, Strategy Leadership, Vol. 40 no. 2, pp.11 – 15. Nevins, M. D. and Stumpf, S. A. 2012, 21st Century Leadership: Redefining Management Education: Educating Managers in the Modern Era. Web. Northouse, P. G. 2004, Leadership: Theory and Practice (3rd Edition), Sage Publications Ltd, London. Seddon, J. Onyett, S. 2011, â€Å"‘Get out there and do some leadership through getting knowledge’†, International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, Vol. 7 no. 1, pp.62 – 67. Williams, P. Sullivan, H. 2011, â€Å"Lessons in leadership for learning and knowledge management in multi-organisational settings†, International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, Vol. 7 no. 1, pp.6 – 20. Yukl, G. A. 2002, Leadership in Organizations: Fifth Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall. This report on Leadership in the 21st Century was written and submitted by user Kimberly Kent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Benefits of Participating in High School Debate

Benefits of Participating in High School Debate In schools across the world, debate teams are valued for training students in public speaking, grace under pressure, and critical thinking. Student debaters have several advantages, whether they choose to join debate teams on campus or if they debate as members of a political club. Debating provides practice in developing sound and logical arguments.Debate gives students an opportunity to practice speaking in front of an audience and thinking on their feet.Students participating in debate show initiative and leadership.The research debaters perform expands their minds and increases their understanding of multiple sides of important issues.Students hone their research skills in preparing for debates. What Is a Debate? Essentially, a debate is an argument with rules. Debating rules vary from one competition to another, and there are several possible debate formats. Debates can involve single-member teams or teams that include several students. In a standard debate, two teams are presented  with a resolution or topic, and each team has a set period of time to prepare an argument. Students typically dont know their debate subjects ahead of time. However, participants are encouraged to read about current events and controversial issues to prepare for debates. This can give teams special strengths in certain topic areas. The goal is to come up with a good argument in a short amount of time. At a debate, one team argues in favor (pro) and the other argues in opposition (con). In some debate formats, each team member speaks, and in others, the team selects one member to speak for the entire team. A judge or a panel of judges assigns points based on the strength of the arguments and the professionalism of the teams. One team is usually declared the winner, and that team advances to a new round. A school team can compete in local, regional, and national tournaments. A typical debate format includes: Teams are advised of the topic and take positions (pro and con).Teams discuss their topics and come up with statements expressing their position.Teams deliver their statements and offer the main points.Teams discuss the oppositions argument and come up with rebuttals.Teams deliver their rebuttals.Teams make their closing statements. Each of these sessions is timed. For instance, teams may have only three minutes to come up with their rebuttal. Interested students without a team at their school can look into starting a debate team or club. Many colleges also offer summer programs that teach debating skills. Lessons Learned Through Debate Knowing how to synthesize information and deliver it to an audience succinctly- even an audience of one- is a skill that benefits people throughout their lives. Debate skills can come in handy when interviewing for jobs, networking for career advancement, conducting meetings, and giving presentations. These soft skills can help in most careers because debate students learn the art of persuasion. Outside of the working world, having good communication skills is useful in activities as ordinary as meeting new people or as special as making a wedding toast in front of a crowd, as debate helps people learn composure and confidence when speaking with others.

Western Michigan University (WMU) Admissions Data

Western Michigan University (WMU) Admissions Data Western Michigan University accepts over 80 percent of those who apply. Learn more about their admissions requirements and what it takes to get into this college. Western Michigan University (WMU) is located in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and it is one of the states 15 public universities. The school frequently ranks among the top 100 public universities in the country. Kalamazoo, with a population of around 75,000, is located about two hours west of Detroit. Business is the most popular undergraduate field, but for its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences, Western Michigan University was awarded a chapter of the prestigious Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. Academically talented students should check out the Lee Honors College. In athletics, the WMU Broncos compete in the NCAA Division I Mid-American Conference (MAC). Popular sports include football, soccer, track and field, and basketball. Will you get in if you apply? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Western Michigan University Acceptance Rate: 82 percentTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 455Â  / 560SAT Math: 445Â  / 555Michigan public university SAT score comparisonMid-American SAT ComparisonACT Composite: 19 / 25ACT English: 17Â  / 25ACT Math: 18Â  / 25What these ACT numbers meanMichigan public university ACT score comparisonMid-American ACT comparison Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 23,227Â  (18,313 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 50Â  percent Male / 50 percent Female82 percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $11,493 (in-state); $26,851 (out-of-state)Books: $948 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,561Other Expenses: $2,366Total Cost: $24,368 (in-state); $39,726 (out-of-state) Western Michigan University Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 78Â  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 61 percentLoans: 60 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,079Loans: $7,986 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Biomedical Sciences, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Elementary Education, Finance, Interdisciplinary Studies, Management, Marketing, PsychologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation, Retention and Transfer Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 79 percentTransfer Out Rate: 32Â  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 22Â  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 53Â  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Football, Ice Hockey, Soccer, Tennis, Basketball, BaseballWomens Sports: Golf, Gymnastics, Soccer, Softball, Volleyball, Basketball, Track and Field If You Like Western Michigan University, You May Also Like These Schools Wayne State University: ProfileUniversity of Detroit Mercy: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFerris State University: ProfileCentral Michigan University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOakland University: ProfileBowling Green State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBall State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlbion College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOhio State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Western Michigan University Mission Statement mission statement from wmich.edu/about/mission/ Western Michigan University is a student-centered research university, building intellectual inquiry, investigation, and discovery into all undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs. The University provides leadership in teaching, research, learning, and public service. Nationally recognized and internationally engaged, the University: Forges a responsive and ethical academic communityDevelops foundations for achievement in pluralistic societiesIncorporates participation from diverse individuals in decision-makingContributes to technological and economic developmentEngenders an awareness and appreciation of the arts Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Spitalfields Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spitalfields - Coursework Example The place lured many immigrants from various regions; these immigrants have contributed tremendously towards the richness of life in Spitalfields. The French Protestant (Huguenots) refugees brought with them the skills of silk weaving in 1685. In 19730’s Irish weavers came in to participate in the silk trade. The 18th century or the Victorian era saw a steady decline in the trade and commerce in Spitalfields, with the merchants’ haven degenerating into slums. It became known more a center for criminal establishments rather than a well to do industrial town. Famous tales of Jack the Ripper and the Whitechapel murders still fascinate people across the world. More recently as in the late 20th century, saw a steady influx of Bangladeshi immigrants who worked in the local textile industries. They are better known for their culinary skills and hence, most of them today own restaurants in and around Brick Lane. Spitalfields is a unique combination of the modern and the ancient. It still has the quaint ancient flavor while it has welcomed the modern architecture. It developed extensively after the Great London Fire in 1682. The City of London acquired direct control of the markets in 1920, and extended the original market buildings after eight years. For the last 74 years, the Old Spitalfields Market has re-established itself as a thriving market As it happens with modernization, Spitalfields too saw the intrusion of high finance into its old market place. That reminds us of the fact that London has always been very patient and encouraged diverse cultures and East End has been a milestone for its rich and diverse culture. Since its inception, Spitalfields has witnessed many changes in terms of people, history, and culture. Now, the onus is on the people there to preserve and enhance Spitalfield’s historic heritage and architectural beauty. It is only then that one can appreciate the past, enjoy it in the present and carry the rich culture over to the

Explain the basic principles of MR image production Essay - 2

Explain the basic principles of MR image production - Essay Example MRI is the safest imaging clinical imaging technique that is used for a variety of medical purposes like differentiating between normal and pathological tissues for diagnosis and tracking dynamic changes in tissue properties over time. Magnetism is physical phenomenon in which materials and moving charged particles can attract or repel other materials or moving charged particles (Ballinger, Intro to MRI, 1998). Magnetism results from moving electric charges or intrinsic spin moments of electrons or nucleis. Spin is a quantum mechanical property. This means that the available spin energy levels are constrained to specific, discrete values. A spin 1/2 particle has only two possible spin states: spin up (+ 1/2) or spin down (- 1/2). The magnetic moment is aligned with the spin. The spin-up and spin-down states are described as being equal in energy, or degenerate. However, if another magnetic field is introduced, the spin-up and spin-down states will be no longer equal in energy. The energy difference introduced by applying the external magnetic field is known as the Zeeman splitting (van Geuns, 1999). This effect is very important in such applications as magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetism can be classified as par amagnetism, diamagnetism, ferromagnetism, and antiferromagnetism (Ballinger, Intro to MRI, 1998). Having microscopic magnetization, protons within a magnetic field produce wobbling as they spin. The rate of this wobbling or precession constitutes resonance or Larmor frequency (Intro to MRI). The application of a radio frequency pulse at the Larmor frequency causes a change in the distribution of spins with respect to their energy state and precessional phase coherence (Rodr ´Ã„ ±guez, 2003). Practically, it means that If individual nuclei is exposed to RF radiation at the Larmor frequency, nuclei in the lower energy state jumps to the higher energy state (Intro to MRI). Upon

Two Theories Of Youth Crime Criminology Essay

Two Theories Of Youth Crime Criminology Essay This essay will discuss three theories, the differential association theory, the labelling theory and the rationale choice theory. The theories will discussed and how they can explain crime will also be discussed, and then a comparison of the theories will be given in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses in explaining youth crime. Theories within criminology try to explain why and how crime occurs. This is done through examining various facts that are related to the individuals criminal behaviour and the crime they commit. There are a wide range of theories which can be used to explain the causes of crime and deviant behaviour from youths. The first theory is the differential association theory by Edwin Sutherland (1947). He developed the differential association theory in order to explain how youths engage in acts of criminal behaviour. This theory defines criminal behaviour as learnt behaviour which is acquired through social contact with other individuals (Hopkins Burke, 2009:104). This theory explains how individuals learn how to engage in criminal behaviour through their attitudes, drive and motive behind the criminal act. An individual is most likely to be involved in criminal behaviour if they spend numerous amount of time with a person who has a criminal background and believes that breaking the law is acceptable. Furthermore Sutherland (1974) identifies nine main factors that can be used to explain why a person engages in criminal behaviour. This essay will now explain the nine factors in detail. The first factor that Sutherland believes is the reason as to why an individual engages in criminal behaviour is because the behaviour is learned. Hopkins Burke (2009) Believes that the actions of an individual are influenced by the people they associate with. It is believed that because the individual main association is with their family, as that is whom they have grown up and live with, so therefore the individual social values and norms are formulated from them. Sutherland also stated that learned behaviour is not invented, nor is it inherited The skills and techniques required for an individual to engage criminal activity are not automatically obtained from birth, or through association with criminals, instead they are acquired through a process of learning (Hopkins Burke, 2009:106). The second principle refutes the idea that criminal behaviour is learned through the individual witnessing deviant or criminal behaviour. Instead this believes that criminality is learned behaviour though interaction with others in the process of communication. Children are accustomed to the norms of society at a very young age, they are taught the roles of both a people around them. They also learn these roles by observing the male or female characteristics relating to the specific gender. For example an individual may learn about deviant behaviour through communicating with the person who is committing the deviant behaviour. The third principle states that individuals commit crime because they are influenced by the behaviour of intimate people such as family members and close friends. Methods of communication from television and or media are less effective in influencing the individual (Hopkins Burke, 2009:106). The fourth factor from Sutherlands theory is that learning criminal behaviour involves learning specific techniques, drives, motives and rationalization. Having a primary group of people around does not necessarily mean that the individual will engage in crime, but it does mean that they have the resources into the criminal rationale. For example being around a person who is has been convicted of sexual offence, may give the individual knowledge into how to engage in the same crime, but the individual may choose not to engage in that crime because they know from their socialization of societal norms that a sexual offence is unacceptable (Hopkins Burke, 2009:106). The fifth factor can be noticed when considering cultures form the United Kingdom and the United States. Both countries have various cultures within them and each culture has different perceptions as to what is favourable and unfavourable within society and this can cause a cultural conflict. This principle believes that the specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of legal codes such as favourable and unfavourable. (Newburn, 2007: 194) The most important principle within the differential association theory is the sixth principle, which is when individuals associate themselves with people that engage in criminal behaviour and believe it is acceptable. This principles states that an individual becomes delinquent only when definitions favourable to violation of law exceed definitions unfavourable to violation of law (Newburn, 2007: 194).The seventh principle stares that differential associations may vary in frequency, duration priority and intensity. The eighth principle believes that the process of learning criminal behaviour by association with criminal and anti-criminal patterns involves all the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning (Newburn, 2007: 194). The final principle states that while criminal behaviour is an expression of needs and values, it is not explained by those needs and values since non criminal behaviour is an expression of the same needs and values. For example if two individuals where both motivated by a need to gain money and respect, but one person engage in criminal behaviour in order to get the money and respect. Whereas the other person engaged in conforming behaviour. So therefore the need for money and respect cannot be used as an explanation for an individual to commit crime (Newburn, 2009: 194). The second theory that will be discussed is labelling theory. This theory claims that deviance and conformity does not emerge from the individuals actions, but rather from how others respond to the actions. Marcionis and Plummer (2005) state that labelling theory highlights social response to crime and deviance. The main academics in this theory were Becker and Lemert. Lemert (1951) first established the view of deviant, and later developed by Becker (1963). Labelling theory has become a dominant theory in the explanation of deviance. This theory is created by the assumption that deviant behaviour is solely based on the violation of norms within society, but also by any behaviour which is defined as labelled or deviant. Deviance is not viewed as the act that the individual engages in, instead it is based on the response other individuals give to the act. Becker (1963) believed that deviance is created through social groups because they make rules which create deviance, and then they apply those rules to particular individuals labelling them as deviant. He also stated that deviance is not the act that the individual commits, but the consequences of the application of others by rules and sanctions to an offender. And the deviant one is whom the label has successfully been applied to. Deviance has been distinguished into primary and secondary deviance by Lemert (1951). Lemert described primary deviance as diminutive reactions from others that have little effect on an individuals self-concept and secondary deviance is described as people pushing the deviant individual out of the social circle, which can therefore cause the individual to seek the company of people who condone deviant behaviour. He further argued that instead of viewing crime as a leading to control, it may be more productive to view crime as something with control agencies structured. Secondary deviance leads Goffman (1963) to define deviant career. Goffman (1963) stated that people who acquire a stigma which is a powerful negative label which changes a persons self-concept and social identity. The individuals is la Criminal prosecution is one way in which the individual is labelled in a negative, rather than in a positive way. It is believed that stigmatizing people can often lead to retrospective labelling, which is the understanding of an individuals past with the present deviance. Lement believes that retrospective labelling distorts an individuals life in a prejudicial way guided by stigma and this is an unfair thing to do. Stigmatizing young people may actually lead them into a deviant career (Hopkins Burke, 2008:172) Howard Becker (1963) claimed that social groups create deviance by labelling individuals as outsiders. Through an application of infraction constitute deviance. Furthermore labelling theorys approach to deviance mainly concentrates on the social reaction to a deviant act committed by an individual as well as the interaction process that leads up to the labelling. This theory therefor suggests that too much attention has been given to criminals by academics because criminology views criminals as types of people and also to the insufficient attention to the collection of social control responses. This therefore means that the police, law, media and public association help shape crime. This is supported by the conflict theory which shows how deviance reflects on inequalities and power. This approach may also signify that the cause of crime may be linked to inequalities of race, class and gender. The conflict theory links deviance to the power of norms and the imagery of the rich and pow erful, which the law society supports. The notion of secondary deviance, stigma and deviant career all demonstrate how individuals can include the label of deviance into a lasting self-concept. Becker (1963) believes that labelling is a practical act that has made politicians aware of which rules to enforce and what behaviour they should regard as deviant. The effects upon an individual being publically labelled deviant have been examined by Becker (1963) he believes that a label is an unbiased onion, which contains an evaluation of the individual to whom it is applied. The labelling theory will be a master label in term of captivating over all other statuses the individuals are under. For example if an individual is labelled as a rapist it will be difficult for the individual to overlook these labels and see themselves in positive roles such a parent, friend, worker and neighbour. Other people will view that individual and respond to them according to the label; also they will assume that the individual has the negative characteristics associated with the label. Eventually the individual will view themselves in that label because their self-concept is derived from the responses of others. This can then produce a self-fulfilling prophecy where the deviant becomes the controlling one. The third theory that will be discussed is the strain theory. Unlike the differential association and labelling, this theory believes that social structures within society can influence individuals to commit crimes. Merton (1938) suggests that there are two types of important elements of social structure; these elements are the cultural goals, the function of the goals and interests. The third theory that will be discussed is the strain theory. Unlike the differential association and labelling, this theory believes that social structures within society can influence individuals to commit crimes. Merton (1938) suggests that there are two types of important elements of social structure; these elements are the cultural goals, the function of the goals and interests. Merton (1938) explains the occurrence of crime and deviance using five responses to strain. The first path is Conformity; this path suggests that individuals could alleviate the strain by changing their cultural goals and by withdrawing allegiance to the institutionalised means. The second path is Retreatism; Merton considered this path to be the least common adaption. Retreats are those who rejected cultural goals and its institutionalised means. Individuals who normally take this path are considered not to be part of society (Hopkins Burke, 2008: 120). The third path is the Ritualism, these individuals are not particularly successful in attaining their conventional goal, but they emphasise on the means that obscure their judgements on the desirability of appreciating the goals. The fourth path is Innovation; this path suggests that when an individual finds that an obstacle inhibits their ability to achieve the cultural goals, the individuals will use other means rather than institutional means (Hopkins Burke, 2008: 121). The final path is Rebellion, Merton believes rebellious people are those who simply reject but also which to change the existing social system and its goals. Rebels reject socially a pproved means and the goals of their society. (Hopkins Burke, 2008:122). Strain theory can cause negative feelings from the outside environment. These feelings include fear, defeat and despair; the most applicable feeling that can occur is anger. Agnew (1992) emphasised that when they become angry, individuals tend to blame their negative relationships and circumstances on others (Agnew, 1992: 59). An individual is incited with anger, low inhibitions and they begin to create a desire for revenge (Agnew, 1992: 60). Agnew stated that individuals who are subjected to repetitive strain are more likely to engage in delinquent and criminal acts, this is due to the fact that the individual becomes aggressive because they are unable to cope and the negative strain may become too much for them (Agnew, 1992: 61). Overall all three theories give a good explanation of youth crime. The similarity between these theories is they all aim to give a detailed explanation as to why individuals engage in crime and deviance. Differential association theory believes that all behaviour is learned and so therefore deviant behaviour is also learned. This theory focuses on key variables such as the age of the learner, the intensity of contact with the deviant person whom they learn from and the amount of good and bad social contacts they have in their lives. Whereas the labelling theory explains deviance as a social process where individuals are able to define others as deviant. This theory emphasises on the fact that deviance is relative and the individual only becomes deviant when they are labelled. Alongside this strain theory explains deviance as the outcome of social strains within the way society is structured. Not all theories give a good explanation for tackling youth crime, the labelling theory states that the label is the route of criminal behaviour; this is not a good explanation because there is a reason an individual becomes a burglar, not because they have been labelled as one. The individual is aware that their actions are deviant and that they are breaking the law. Some academics believe that there should be more research into the labelling theory and why individuals engage in criminal behaviour. The left realist have stated that the idea of avoiding labelling in order to avoid deviance is unrealistic. Also Aker (1994) criticised the labelling theory for claiming that deviants are normal individuals who have been labelled. However the labelling theory fails to explain why some individuals are labelled and some are not. Another criticism of the labelling theory is that it is possible to reject the label. Becker (1963) claimed that once an individual is labelled and accepts the devi ant behaviour, all their other qualities become irrelevant and the label becomes their master status. However there are examples that show it is possible to reject the label. This example comes from Reiss (1961) study on young male prostitutes. Although the males engage in homosexual behaviour they regard this behaviour as work and still maintain their straight image despite working as prostitutes. This study shows that the labelling theory is open to negotiation as some individuals reject the label. Differential association theory and the strain theory can be used to tackle youth crime. The differential association accepts that criminal behaviour is evident across all social classes, and that criminal attitudes and behaviour is learned through interaction with influential groups. In order to tackle youth crime the government will need to introduce organizations that aim at using positive role models to encourage young individuals who do not have positive role models in their lives. By doing so individuals can learn positive behaviour instead of deviant behaviour from people who engage in unacceptable behaviour. The differential theory has been criticised in Glueck (1956) article on Theory and fact in Criminology. Glueck stated that it is difficult to measure the duration, priority, frequency and intensity of an individuals association, so therefore this makes it impossible to predict and measure how the differential associations result in the learning of criminal behaviour. It c ould be argued that the individual did not learn criminal behaviour from an intimate social group, because the duration, frequency, priority and intensity was not sufficient. Glueck (1956) argued that if there is no sufficiency then the theory is not falsifiable which therefore males it defective. Finally the strain theory can be used to tackle youth crime because it explains the strains with society that may influence individuals to engage in criminal activity. This theory can enable the government to improve the social structure within society, for example providing more employment and better education opportunities. Strain theory has been criticised by Cohen (1955) who stated that the theory can be accounted for some but not all deviant behaviour. Cohen also criticised Mertons theory of strain for being too individualistic in describing the adaptations to strain.

How Effective an Internet Advertisement Is, as a Persuasive Tool

Science Communication Project How effective an Internet advertisement is, as a persuasive tool in impacting the mind of internet user of Varanasi This project is to get an overall view and exposure to the industry and its working environment. It enhances and boosts the morale of the researcher. Most of the program is meant for the personality development of the researcher and basic motive is to provide accessibility to practical knowledge and exposure to practical professional life.Therefore to make aware of real life in working situation, every Journalism and Mass communication student of BHU has to undergo research project as a class work activity under the proper guidance of professors and professional managers, which give him or her a better understanding of environment. This project is helpful in accounting for as experience, which would prove very beneficial to create a future endeavor. This is result of my hard work and deep involvement with the work allotted to me as for the academic purpose to fulfill the requirement of the Journalism and Mass communication student of BHU.In this project, which is given by the Professor Anurag Dave, I found the information about pulses of present scenario of the how effective an Internet advertisement is, as a persuasive tool in impacting the mind of internet user of Varanasi. And finally I hope that this report meet the given expectation and requirement. I have tried to draw some conclusion from my observation and have made suggestion and recommendation, which I think shall help the online advertisement companies in solving the problem highlighted by this study and also help in accomplishment of the organizational objective.Acknowledgement I Basant Deo Singh student of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi would like to thank each and every person who has helped me in the completion of the project. This project has been an outcome of patient guidance of our project guide Dr. Anurag Dave, Assistant Professor and Dr Sisir Basu; Dr. Sobhna Narlekar Department of Journalism and Mass Communication who has helped me with each and every small details of the topic so that I could understand and go about compiling whatever understood. They were always there to short out complications and find easy solutions to them.I would take this occasion to give my special thanks to them. Without whom I would not have learned the practical application of the course we are studying. This report has had cooperation of my friends, class mates and my parents who gave us the most comfortable and friendly environment, which is necessary for a person to work freely and easily Last but not the least I would like to thank faculty at BHU who have always cheered me and boosted my confidence. Table of Contents Contents | Page no. | Chapter 1| | * Introduction| 1| * Statement of problem| 3| Aim| 4| * Objective| 4| | | Chapter 2| | * Methodology| 5| * Data gathering| 5| * Data analysis| 5| | | Chapter 3 – Findings| 6| | | Chap ter 4 – Summary| 13| | | Chapter 5 – Conclusion and recommendation| 14| | | Chapter 6 – Bibliography| 15| * | | Chapter 7 – Annexure| –| | | CHAPTER – 1 Introduction The internet is the most liberating of all mass media developed to date. It is participatory. It is not meant solely to push content, in one direction, to a captive audience, the way movies or traditional network television did.It provides the greatest array of entertainment and information, on any subject, with any degree of formality, on demand. It is the best and the most trusted source of commercial product information on cost, selection, availability, and suitability, using community content, professional reviews and peer reviews. One of the best channels for promoting brands, products and businesses is Internet advertising and it has evolved into one of the most explored new mediums available today.According to the Indian Revenue Service, the Internet has outperformed all other diverse media channels in terms of compound annual growth rate (CAGR), with figures reaching up to 37. 3 percent. This is much higher than the registered growth rate for terrestrial television, at 7. 1 percent CAGR, print media at 3. 7%, CAGR and cinema at only 3. 1% growth rate. The number of online users in the country is steadily growing. As of 2010, there are 81 million Internet users in India out of the 1. 17 billion total populations, for a 6. % penetration rate according to statistics from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). These figures will continue to grow rapidly in the coming years as more operational Internet providers will open up shop and gain more subscribers. In India, the same as everywhere else, the cost for marketing in traditional forms of mass communication like television, radio and print are very cost-prohibitive in terms of the ratio of cost against market reach. Internet marketing is much more cost-efficient as it does not cost usinesses that much to create websites, maintain opt-in lists, and other online advertising techniques. Traditional advertising media uses a shotgun hit-and-miss approach, while Internet marketing tools are aimed towards more targeted audiences. Internet marketing methods such as pay-per-click, pay-per-action and pay-per-play advertising can solicit response only from targeted audiences giving advertisers more cost effective advertising displays to market their products. Internet marketing uses more inter active tools that engage consumers in a more in-depth manner than traditional passive media.Potential customers can readily provide their comments and feedback, giving company’s real-time analysis as to what customers need in order to better align their marketing strategies. On top of that, Internet marketing tools have better and faster ways of measuring marketing statistics, giving them insights as to what would be more appealing to their targeted customers. Internet marketing is m ade more effective due to word-of-mouth or viral marketing, with much Internet marketing content easily shareable through various popular social networking sites in India such as Orkut, Facebook and Bharatstudent.Such online content can also be shared through blogs and video sharing sites, giving the potential of reaching a wider audience even more. In a report published by the Internet and Mobile Association of India, the average Indian user spends approximately 3. 5 hours a week, or 26 minutes a day, on the Internet and would spend 12% less time during the weekends. The study also reported that Indian women spend less time on the Internet than men and less so during the weekends. The report also indicates that activities on social networking sites peak by 12% on Fridays.A recent survey conducted by research companies in the advertising industry led to estimates that will place internet advertising revenues close to $428 billion in 2011, a big jump from last year’s $220 bill ion revenues. 21 percent of global Internet users now consider online advertising to be more relevant than traditional media such as radio, television, newspapers and magazines. According to a report from eMarketer, spending for online advertising in the United States rose by 13. 9 percent last year.Indian companies are now putting more confidence in internet advertising and many are ready to commit advertising dollars in this marketing channel for this year and in years to come. The rapid growth of the Internet in the nation as well as the growing popularity of social media networks are prompting commercial and business advertisers to expand their marketing initiatives to include Internet advertising – and take Indian businesses to a whole new level. According to Eric Clemons, Professor of Operations and Information Management at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.He said that the Internet shatters all forms of advertising. â€Å"The problem is not the med ium, the problem is the message, and the fact that it is not trusted, not wanted, and not needed,† he writes. Pushing a message at a potential customer when it has not been requested and when the consumer is in the midst of something else on the net, will fail as a major revenue source for most internet sites. As respondent will neglect the advertisement made. Internet advertising will rapidly2 lose its value and its impact, for reasons that traditional way of advertisement cannot be used on net.Reason behind the study was to determine how internet user is benefited by internet advertisement and what they feel about the advertisement they are exposed on internet. Statement of the Problem Internet advertisement is evolved into one of the most explored new mediums available today and cheaper mode of promoting the product, the rapid growth as well as the growing popularity of social media networks, making business houses to use internet advertisement for promoting their product. It becomes necessary to study how internet users impacted from the advertisement they are exposed to, made by these business houses. AimThe study aims to find what features internet user look for, in the internet advertisement; how it can be more users friendly and which section of society (i. e. group of society on the basis of age, education etc. ) is interested on which type of internet advertisement. Objectives The objective of the study was to: * Determine group of society (i. e. on the basis of sex, age, education, income) interest in internet advertisement; * Trace the internet usage pattern of user; * Find how internet user respond to internet advertisement and * Find whether internet user trust on ad and feel secure to trade online.Limitations 1. The study is heterogeneous because internet usage of different people is different. 2. It is quite possible that, respondent may not answer honestly. 3. The study conducted on small population might not represent the actual problem s ingrained in the society as a whole. 4. Only consumer perspective has been taken, view of advertiser has not been considered while doing the study. 5. Time and money was also the constraint. CHAPTER – 2 Methodology Design – The research is on the survey-based design. Reporting of Data – The data is in quantitative form. * VARIABLES –Divided into four section and each section have different sub-sections. Each section dealt with the variables of respective objectives. Section A – Deals in Demographic analysis of society Section B – Deals in internet usage pattern Section C – Deals with how users respond to internet ad Section D – Deals in trust and security on ad and online transaction pattern respectively * Sampling – The internet user is chosen by Purposive Sampling i. e. , Non-probability sampling method. 60 is the sample size; reason behind this is the shortage of time and other resources. * Instrument – Quest ionnaire is used as an instrument. RESPONDENTS – For this study, respondent was those who use internet. Person were taken from cyber cafe and randomly from public who use computer or laptop for surfing internet Chapter – 3 Findings and Discussion Section – A Demographic analysis of society on the basis: * Sex * Age * Education * Income The reason behind asking questions related to sex, age, education and income is to support and give meaning to answer. We can now categories’ our question according to gender – male, female; age – under 20 or 20-30, 30-40, etc; education – primary, secondary, graduate or post graduate and income level (p. . )- under 20000, 20000-30000 etc. We found the below given details:- Sex| | | | * Male | 40| * Female| 20| Age| | | | * Under 20| 12| * 20-30| 24| * 30-40| 20| * 40-50| 2| * 51-60| 2| * Over 60| 0| Income/p. m. | | | * under 20000| 30| * 20001-40000| 20| * 40001-60000| 6| * 60001-80000| 4| | | Educati on| | | * >8| 2| * 8 >_10| 4| * 11 & 12| 6| * Graduate| 30| * P. G. | 18| Evaluations of Section A From this section we can conclude, male are more internet friendly than female, mostly the person who fall under the age group of 20-30 followed by 31-40 age group use internet.I also observed that those who either pursuing or completed higher education find it easy to use internet. I have analyzed that graduate and post graduate person used to transact online. ******************************************************* Section – B This section tells about Internet using pattern of individual Online surfing| | | * everyday| 32| * once a week| 24| * once a month| 4| From 32 respondents who use to surf internet daily, among them 25 was male and rest 7 was female. So we can generalize that male are more habitual of et and so more exposed to online ad, Female was more in other two cases 10 and 3 respectively. Per session | | | * >1hr| 40| * 1-2 hr| 16| * 2